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Orignally Posted May 2018 / Updated February 2023
DASH is an acronym for "Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension," as the diet was developed to help lower blood pressure. The main features of the DASH diet are that it is low in salt (sodium chloride), cholesterol, and saturated fat and rich in fruits, vegetables, dietary fiber, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
Several extensive studies have shown that the DASH diet may help lower blood pressure and produce other health benefits.1-5 There are two versions of the DASH diet: one version limits the amount of sodium to 2,400 mg per day, and the other lower-sodium version, restricts daily sodium intake to no more than 1,500 mg. Excessive dietary salt (sodium chloride) intake increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart attack or stroke, and kidney disease.
The first study with the DASH diet produced results even though it did not require either sodium restriction or weight loss, two well-recognized and effective key dietary tools to lower blood pressure.2 The second study from the DASH research team found that adding sodium restriction produced even better results. An intermediate restriction of 2,400 mg per day and a lower intake of 1,500 mg per day were tested.2 The lower sodium level produced the best result. In people with normal blood pressure (120/80 mmHg), the DASH diet with the lower-sodium DASH diet reduced systolic blood pressure (the first number) by 7.1 mmHg. The lower-sodium DASH diet produced an 11.5 mmHg reduction in those with high blood pressure.
Since these initial two studies, numerous other clinical evaluations of the DASH diet have been conducted, including reducing the risk or showing beneficial effects in other health conditions, including diabetes, cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic diseases.5-7 The DASH diet has also shown improved health and outcomes during pregnancy.8
The DASH diet has a daily requirement of six to eight servings of grains, four or five servings of vegetables, four or five servings of fruits, two or three servings of dairy, and up to six servings of lean meat, fish, or poultry. Seeds, legumes, and nuts should only be eaten four or five times a week because they are high in calories despite being good sources of protein, potassium, and magnesium.
The DASH diet does not forbid any food outright but restricts the number of servings a person may have. For example, a person may only eat five servings of sweets per week. Since alcohol can increase blood pressure, men should have no more than two drinks daily, and women should limit themselves to one drink daily.
While the DASH diet is technically not designed to promote weight loss, many people are able to manage weight simply because they eat healthier foods and significantly less sugar and salt. These dietary changes can help improve blood sugar control, additionally helping both metabolism and appetite control.
The DASH diet also encourages people to make changes gradually. For example, a person can add progressively a serving or two of vegetables to their diet each week. Gradual changes prevent digestive tract upsets like bloating, which drastic changes can cause.
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